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Italy is emerging as an unlikely leader in applied food fabrication. ENEA’s work at EltHub combines plant cell culture with 3D printing to precisely control food structure, from mouthfeel to sliceability, without relying on heavy industrial additives. The technology is already moving beyond R&D, with Rome-based restaurant Impact Food demonstrating real-world culinary use.

UNESCO’s protection of Italy’s cuisine reframes national food identity as a global economic and cultural asset. Beyond symbolism, this introduces a regulatory and perception benchmark that will undoubtedly influence labelling, provenance claims, ingredient sourcing, and authenticity narratives across the global food system.